PC Operating Systems:
Microsoft Windows: Developed by Bill Gates.
- Bill Gates initially wanted to launch it with the name “Interface Manager”.
- Version of Windows :
- Windows 1.0: Released in 1985 as the first version of Windows, it introduced a graphical user interface (GUI) for MS-DOS.
- Windows 2.0: Released in 1987.
- Windows 3.0: Released in 1990.
- Windows 3.1: Released in 1992.
- Windows 95: Released in 1995.
- Windows 98: Released in 1998.
- Windows Me (Windows Millennium Edition): Released in 2000.
- Windows 2000: Released in 2000, based on Windows NT technology.
- Windows XP: Released in 2001.
- Windows Vista: Released in 2007.
- Windows 7: Released in 2009.
- Windows 8: Released in 2012.
- Windows 8.1: Released in 2013.
- Windows 10: Released in 2015.
- Windows 11: Released in 2021.
- macOS: Developed by Apple for Macintosh computers.
- Recent versions include macOS Monterey, macOS Big Sur, and macOS Catalina.
- Linux: Linux is an open-source operating system with various distributions (distros). Popular distros include Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian, and CentOS. Linux is often used for servers and is available for desktop use as well.
- Chrome OS: Developed by Google, Chrome OS is a lightweight, web-focused operating system primarily used on Chromebooks. It relies on web applications and services.
- FreeBSD: FreeBSD is a Unix-like operating system known for its performance, security, and stability. It’s often used in server environments.
- Unix: Unix is the precursor to many modern operating systems and is still used in some specialized applications and server environments.
Mobile Operating Systems:
- Android: Developed by Google, Android is the most widely used mobile operating system worldwide. It’s used on a wide range of smartphones and tablets from various manufacturers.
- iOS: Developed by Apple, iOS is the operating system exclusively used on iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touch devices. It is known for its user-friendly interface and tight integration with Apple’s ecosystem.
- KaiOS: KaiOS is a mobile operating system designed for feature phones and low-end smartphones. It is known for its affordability and accessibility.
- HarmonyOS (Hongmeng OS): Developed by Huawei, HarmonyOS is an operating system designed to work across various devices, including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and IoT devices.
- Tizen: Tizen is an open-source operating system primarily used in Samsung smartwatches and some smartphones. It’s also used in some smart TVs.
- Windows 10 Mobile: While it is no longer actively developed or supported, Windows 10 Mobile was Microsoft’s attempt at creating a mobile operating system for smartphones.
- Sailfish OS: Sailfish OS is a Linux-based mobile operating system developed by Jolla. It’s known for its compatibility with Android apps.
- Ubuntu Touch: Ubuntu Touch is a mobile version of the Ubuntu Linux distribution. It’s designed to work on smartphones and tablets.
- Firefox OS: Also known as “Boot to Gecko” (B2G), Firefox OS was developed by Mozilla and aimed at web-focused smartphones. It has been discontinued.
Patches : Patches in the context of operating systems (OS) refer to updates or modifications made to the OS software to address various issues and improve functionality.
Kernel:
- The kernel is a core component of an operating system (OS) .
- It manages and controls the computer’s hardware and software resources.
- It acts as an intermediary between applications and the hardware, providing a set of essential services and abstractions that allow programs to run efficiently and securely.