chemistry-Man made Chemicals

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पॉलिमर का उपयोग फर्श की टाइल बनाने में किया जाता है। RRB Group-D 26-10-2018

  • पॉली विनाइयल क्लारोइड
  • कार्बोनिल
  • टेफ्लॉन
  • नायलॉन

Explanation:

ना-चिपकने वाले बर्तन पर किसका लेप लगा होता है?RRB NTPC 04-04-2016

  • वेल्क्रो
  • तेल
  • टेफ्लॉन
  • पोलीस्टाइरीन

Explanation:

निम्नलिखित में से ‘पॉलीमर (Polymer) है: R.R. B. भोपाल (Tr. Clerk) परीक्षा, 2003

  • विनाइल क्लोराइड
  • यूरिया
  • स्टॉर्च
  • स्टाइरीन

Explanation:

———–एक थर्मोप्लास्टिक पॉलीमर नहीं है। RRB Group-D 30-10-2018 (Shift-III)

  • पोलिविनाइल क्लोराइड (पीवीसी)
  • टेफ्लॉन
  • बैकेलाइट
  • पॉलीस्टीरीन

Explanation:

टेफ्लॉन खाना पकाने के उपकरणों में एक नॉनस्टिक कोटिंग में इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, तारों आदि में अपने इन्सुलेशन विशेषता के कारण इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उद्योग में इस्तेमाल किया जाता है, एक बहुलक (पॉलीमर) होता है जिसमें कार्बन ———– बॉन्डिंग शामिल होता है । RRB NTPC Stage 1st 30-04-2016

  • क्लोराइड
  • फ्लोराइड
  • ब्रोमाइड
  • आयोडाइड

Explanation:

PVC का पूर्ण रूप है- RRB Group-D 04-10-2018

  • पॉलीविनाइल क्लोरेट
  • पॉलीविनाइल कार्बन
  • पॉलीविनाइयल क्लोराइड
  • पॉलीविनाइल कार्बोनेट

Explanation:

थायोकॉल रबर है R.R.B. पटना (A.S.M./G.G.) परीक्षा, 2007

  • संश्लिष्ट रबर
  • प्राकृतिक रबर
  • पॉलिथीन
  • इनमें से कोई नहीं

Explanation:

मानव द्वारा निर्मित प्रथम संश्लिष्ट रेशा ( Synthetic Fibrers) था: R.R. B. गोरखपुर (G.G. ) परीक्षा, 2003

  • नायलॉन
  • रेयॉन
  • टेरीकॉट
  • पॉलिस्टर

Explanation:

बैकैलाइट होता है एक RRB JE. (14-12-2018)

  • रोधक (इन्सुलेटर)
  • सेमीकंडक्टर
  • उच्च प्रतिरोधी चालक
  • निम्न प्रतिरोधी चालक

Explanation:

चालक तार की पीवीसी द्वारा कोटिंग करके ————-को रोका जाता है । RRB Group-D 18-09-2018 (Shift-II)

  • रिसाव (ड्रिपिंग)
  • ओवरलोडिंग
  • शार्ट सर्किट
  • फ्यूजिंग

Explanation:

बहु प्रयोग प्लास्टिक की पानी की बोतलें – —— की बनी होती हैं। बोतलें RRB NTPC 19-04-2016 (Shift-III)

  • बेकेलाइट
  • पॉलीस्टरीन
  • पॉलीथीन
  • सिलिकॉन

Which man-made chemical is primarily known for depleting the ozone layer?

  • Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)
  • Nitrous Oxide (N2O)

Explanation:

  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are stable compounds that release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O3) molecules.
  • Carbon Dioxide is a primary greenhouse gas.
  • Sulfur Dioxide is a contributor to acid rain.
  • Nitrous Oxide is a potent greenhouse gas but not the primary ozone depleter.

What is the primary use of the compound Bisphenol A (BPA)?

  • A fuel additive
  • A pharmaceutical drug
  • A precursor to polycarbonate plastics
  • A pesticide

Explanation:

  • Bisphenol A (BPA) is a key building block (monomer) in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
  • It is not typically used as a fuel additive, drug, or pesticide.

Which synthetic polymer is commonly used in non-stick coatings for cookware?

  • Polyethylene (PE)
  • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
  • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
  • Nylon

Explanation:

  • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), sold under the brand name Teflon, is valued for its non-stick and heat-resistant properties.
  • Polyethylene is used for plastic bags and bottles.
  • PVC is used for pipes and siding.
  • Nylon is a synthetic fiber.

What is the main environmental concern associated with the use of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)?

  • Ozone depletion
  • Global warming
  • Bioaccumulation in the food chain
  • Acid rain

Explanation:

  • DDT is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that does not easily break down, leading to its accumulation in animal fats and magnification up the food chain.
  • Its primary issue is not directly ozone depletion, global warming, or acid rain.

Which man-made chemical group is used as a flame retardant in many consumer products?

  • CFCs
  • PCBs
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
  • VOCs

Explanation:

  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of organobromine compounds added to products like furniture and electronics to reduce flammability.
  • CFCs are refrigerants and propellants.
  • PCBs were used in electrical equipment.
  • VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are solvents and fuels.

What is the primary component of natural gas?

  • Propane
  • Methane (CH4)
  • Butane
  • Ethane

Explanation:

  • Methane (CH4) is the largest component of natural gas, typically constituting 70-90% of it.
  • Propane, butane, and ethane are also natural gas liquids but are present in smaller amounts.

Which synthetic fertilizer is a major source of nitrogen for plants?

  • Potash
  • Superphosphate
  • Urea
  • Gypsum

Explanation:

  • Urea (CO(NH2)2) is a widely used nitrogen-release fertilizer because it has a very high nitrogen content.
  • Potash provides potassium.
  • Superphosphate provides phosphorus.
  • Gypsum is a source of calcium and sulfur.

Acid rain is primarily caused by the emission of which two gases?

  • Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide
  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
  • Methane and Ozone
  • CFCs and HFCs

Explanation:

  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which fall as acid rain.
  • The other options are not the primary drivers of this phenomenon.

What is the chemical name of the compound commonly known as ‘lye’ used in soap making?

  • Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
  • Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
  • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
  • Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Explanation:

  • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is commonly called ‘lye’ or ‘caustic soda’ and is used in the saponification process to make hard soaps.
  • Potassium Hydroxide is used for soft soaps.
  • Sodium Carbonate is washing soda.
  • Calcium Hydroxide is slaked lime.

Which man-made chemical is an artificial sweetener?

  • Sucrose
  • Glucose
  • Aspartame
  • Fructose

Explanation:

  • Aspartame is a synthetic dipeptide sweetener, approximately 200 times sweeter than sucrose, used in diet foods and drinks.
  • Sucrose, glucose, and fructose are all natural sugars.

What is the primary industrial source of the pollutant dioxin?

  • Automobile exhaust
  • Fertilizer runoff
  • Waste incineration
  • Coal mining

Explanation:

  • Dioxins are primarily formed as unintentional byproducts of industrial processes involving combustion, such as the incineration of municipal and medical waste.
  • They are not a primary product of the other listed sources.

Which synthetic compound is used as a refrigerant to replace ozone-depleting CFCs?

  • Carbon Tetrachloride
  • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
  • Methyl Bromide
  • Sulfur Hexafluoride

Explanation:

  • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were developed as replacements for CFCs because they do not contain chlorine and therefore do not deplete the ozone layer.
  • Carbon Tetrachloride and Methyl Bromide are ozone-depleting substances.
  • Sulfur Hexafluoride is a potent greenhouse gas used in electrical equipment.

Phosgene gas (COCl2), a chemical warfare agent, is used in the industrial production of what?

  • Fertilizers
  • Explosives
  • Polyurethane and polycarbonate plastics
  • Pharmaceuticals

Explanation:

  • Phosgene is a key industrial reagent used in the production of isocyanates, which are precursors to polyurethane foams, and also in the production of polycarbonate plastics.
  • Its other uses are less common.

Which man-made chemical is notorious for being a ‘forever chemical’ due to its persistence?

  • Benzene
  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
  • Formaldehyde
  • Toluene

Explanation:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of human-made chemicals known for their extreme persistence in the environment and the human body, earning them the nickname ‘forever chemicals’.
  • The other chemicals are volatile and break down more readily.

What is the main application of the compound ethylene glycol?

  • As a food preservative
  • As a solvent in paints
  • As antifreeze in cooling and heating systems
  • As a catalyst in chemical reactions

Explanation:

  • Ethylene glycol’s ability to lower the freezing point of water makes it the primary ingredient in automotive antifreeze and coolant.
  • Its other uses are secondary or incorrect.

Which synthetic chemical is used as a bleaching agent in paper and textile industries?

  • Ammonia
  • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2)
  • Sodium Bicarbonate

Explanation:

  • Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) is a dominant bleaching agent used in the paper and pulp industry to whiten paper and in textile bleaching.
  • The other chemicals are not used for this primary purpose.

What is the primary health risk associated with prolonged exposure to asbestos?

  • Skin irritation
  • Nervous system damage
  • Lung diseases, including asbestosis and mesothelioma
  • Liver failure

Explanation:

  • When inhaled, asbestos fibers can become trapped in the lungs, leading to scarring (asbestosis), lung cancer, and mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining of the lungs.
  • It does not primarily affect the skin, nervous system, or liver.

Which man-made compound is the active ingredient in most solid bar soaps?

  • Sulfonic Acid
  • Glycerol
  • Sodium Salt of Fatty Acids (Sodium Stearate)
  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)

Explanation:

  • Traditional bar soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids (e.g., sodium stearate), formed by saponification of fats with lye.
  • Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is a common ingredient in liquid soaps and shampoos.
  • Glycerol is a byproduct of saponification.

What is the key property of Neoprene, a synthetic rubber?

  • High electrical conductivity
  • Transparency
  • Excellent resistance to oil, heat, and weathering
  • Biodegradability

Explanation:

  • Neoprene (polychloroprene) is valued for its stability over a wide temperature range and its resistance to degradation from oil, ozone, and weather, making it ideal for wetsuits, hoses, and gaskets.
  • It is not conductive, transparent, or biodegradable.

Which man-made chemical is a common herbicide used to kill broadleaf weeds?

  • Malathion
  • Glyphosate
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
  • Parathion

Explanation:

  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic herbicide widely used to control broadleaf weeds by mimicking a plant growth hormone, causing uncontrolled growth.
  • Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide. Malathion and Parathion are insecticides.

What is the primary use of the compound sodium nitrite (NaNO2)?

  • As a fertilizer
  • As a detergent
  • As a food preservative, especially in cured meats
  • As a pharmaceutical drug

Explanation:

  • Sodium nitrite is used in curing meat to prevent the growth of bacteria (particularly Clostridium botulinum), fix color, and add flavor.
  • Its other uses are minor or incorrect.

Which synthetic polymer is known for its use in bulletproof vests and high-strength materials?

  • Polyester
  • Polypropylene
  • Kevlar (a type of aramid fiber)
  • Acrylic

Explanation:

  • Kevlar is a lightweight, synthetic aramid fiber renowned for its high tensile strength-to-weight ratio, making it ideal for ballistic protection like bulletproof vests.
  • The other polymers do not have the necessary strength properties.

What is the main environmental impact of nitrogen-based fertilizers like ammonium nitrate?

  • Air pollution
  • Ozone depletion
  • Eutrophication of water bodies
  • Soil erosion

Explanation:

  • Excess nitrate from fertilizers can run off into waterways, causing eutrophication—an overgrowth of algae that depletes oxygen and harms aquatic life.
  • While they can contribute to air pollution (e.g., N2O emissions), eutrophication is a more direct and widespread water quality issue.

Which man-made chemical is used as a solvent in dry cleaning?

  • Acetone
  • Isopropyl Alcohol
  • Perchloroethylene (PERC)
  • Methanol

Explanation:

  • Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) is the most common solvent used in industrial dry cleaning due to its effectiveness in removing greases and oils without damaging fabrics.
  • The other solvents are not typically used for professional dry cleaning.
chemistry-Man made Chemicals