Peridic Table All elements

Hydrogen

  • Hydrogen (H) Atomic number: 1 
  • Standard atomic weight: 1.008
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 1 / 1
  • Common uses:
    • Fuel
    • ammonia production – (Haber process).
    • hydrogenation of oils
    • rocket propellant
  • आवर्त सारणी का सबसे हल्का और पहला तत्व।
  • Discovered by Henry Cavendish (1766).
  • Name given by Antoine Lavoisier meaning “water-former”.
  • Exists mainly as diatomic molecule (H₂).
  • Isotopes:
    • Protium (¹H) – 1 proton, 0 neutrons, 1 electron.
    • Deuterium (²H)
      • heavy hydrogen.
      • Contains 1 proton, 1 neutron, 1 electron.
      • Found in heavy water (D₂O).
      • Used in nuclear reactors as a moderator.
    • Tritium (³H).
      • Radioactive isotope of hydrogen.
      • Contains : 1 proton, 2 neutrons, 1 electron.
      • Half-life: 12.3 years.
  • Most abundant element in the universe (~75% by mass).
  • Forms water (H₂O) with oxygen, essential for life.

Helium

  • Helium (He) Atomic number: 2
  • Standard atomic weight: 4.0026
  • Category: Noble gas
  • Period / Group: 1 / 18
  • Discovered: 1868 (astronomical), isolated 1895
  • Common uses: Cryogenics (superconducting magnets), balloons, leak detection

Lithium

  • Lithium (Li) Atomic number: 3
  • Standard atomic weight: 6.94
  • Category: Alkali metal
  • Period / Group: 2 / 1
  • Discovered: 1817
  • Common uses: Batteries (Li-ion), ceramics, pharmaceuticals

Beryllium

  • Beryllium (Be) Atomic number: 4
  • Standard atomic weight: 9.0122
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal
  • Period / Group: 2 / 2
  • Discovered: 1798
  • Common uses: Aerospace alloys, X-ray windows, springs

Boron

  • Boron (B) Atomic number: 5
  • Standard atomic weight: 10.81
  • Category: Metalloid
  • Period / Group: 2 / 13
  • Discovered: Isolated 1808 (compounds known earlier)
  • Common uses: Borosilicate glass, detergents, semiconductors

Carbon

  • Carbon (C) Atomic number: 6
  • Standard atomic weight: 12.011
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 2 / 14
  • Discovered / known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Organic chemistry, fuels, materials (graphite, diamond)

Nitrogen

  • Nitrogen (N) Atomic number: 7
  • Standard atomic weight: 14.007
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 2 / 15
  • Discovered: 1772
  • Common uses: Fertilizers (ammonia), industrial gas, cryogenics

Oxygen

  • Oxygen (O) Atomic number: 8
  • Standard atomic weight: 15.999
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 2 / 16
  • Discovered: 1774
  • Common uses: Respiration, steelmaking, oxidizer in rockets

Fluorine

  • Fluorine (F) Atomic number: 9
  • Standard atomic weight: 18.998
  • Category: Halogen (nonmetal)
  • Period / Group: 2 / 17
  • Discovered: 1810s (isolated later)
  • Common uses: Fluorides (toothpaste), refrigerants precursor, chemical industry

Neon

  • Neon (Ne) Atomic number: 10
  • Standard atomic weight: 20.180
  • Category: Noble gas
  • Period / Group: 2 / 18
  • Discovered: 1898
  • Common uses: Neon signs, cryogenics, indicators

Sodium

  • Sodium (Na) Atomic number: 11
  • Standard atomic weight: 22.990
  • Category: Alkali metal
  • Period / Group: 3 / 1
  • Discovered: 1807 (isolated)
  • Common uses: Table salt (NaCl), street lights (sodium vapor), chemicals

Magnesium

  • Magnesium (Mg) Atomic number: 12
  • Standard atomic weight: 24.305
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal
  • Period / Group: 3 / 2
  • Discovered: 1755 (isolated later)
  • Common uses: Alloys (lightweight), fireworks, biology (Mg²⁺)

Aluminium

  • Aluminium (Al) Atomic number: 13
  • Standard atomic weight: 26.982
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 3 / 13
  • Discovered / isolated: 1825
  • Common uses: Lightweight alloys, packaging (foil), construction

Silicon

  • Silicon (Si) Atomic number: 14
  • Standard atomic weight: 28.085
  • Category: Metalloid
  • Period / Group: 3 / 14
  • Discovered: 1824 (isolated)
  • Common uses: Semiconductors, glass, silicones

Phosphorus

  • Phosphorus (P) Atomic number: 15
  • Standard atomic weight: 30.974
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 3 / 15
  • Discovered: 1669
  • Common uses: Fertilizers, matches, flame retardants

Sulfur

  • Sulfur (S) Atomic number: 16
  • Standard atomic weight: 32.06
  • Category: Nonmetal
  • Period / Group: 3 / 16
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Sulfuric acid production, vulcanization, fertilizers

Chlorine

  • Chlorine (Cl) Atomic number: 17
  • Standard atomic weight: 35.45
  • Category: Halogen (nonmetal)
  • Period / Group: 3 / 17
  • Discovered: 1774 (isolated later)
  • Common uses: Disinfectants, PVC production, water treatment

Argon

  • Argon (Ar) Atomic number: 18
  • Standard atomic weight: 39.948
  • Category: Noble gas
  • Period / Group: 3 / 18
  • Discovered: 1894
  • Common uses: Inert atmosphere for welding, incandescent bulbs

Potassium

  • Potassium (K) Atomic number: 19
  • Standard atomic weight: 39.098
  • Category: Alkali metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 1
  • Discovered / isolated: 1807
  • Common uses: Fertilizers (potash), biological electrolyte, chemicals

Calcium

  • Calcium (Ca) Atomic number: 20
  • Standard atomic weight: 40.078
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 2
  • Known / isolated: Ancient / 1808 (isolation)
  • Common uses: Cement and plaster, metallurgy, biology (bone)

Scandium

  • Scandium (Sc) Atomic number: 21
  • Standard atomic weight: 44.956
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 3
  • Discovered: 1879
  • Common uses: Aerospace alloys, high-performance materials

Titanium

  • Titanium (Ti) Atomic number: 22
  • Standard atomic weight: 47.867
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 4
  • Discovered: 1791 (isolated 1910s advances)
  • Common uses: Aerospace, medical implants, pigments (titanium dioxide)

Vanadium

  • Vanadium (V) Atomic number: 23
  • Standard atomic weight: 50.942
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 5
  • Discovered: 1801
  • Common uses: Steel alloys, catalysts, batteries

Chromium

  • Chromium (Cr) Atomic number: 24
  • Standard atomic weight: 51.996
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 6
  • Discovered: 1797
  • Common uses: Stainless steel, plating, pigments

Manganese

  • Manganese (Mn) Atomic number: 25
  • Standard atomic weight: 54.938
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 7
  • Discovered: Ancient/isolated in modern form 1774
  • Common uses: Steel alloying, batteries, pigments

Iron

  • Iron (Fe) Atomic number: 26
  • Standard atomic weight: 55.845
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 8
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Construction, steelmaking, tools, magnets

Cobalt

  • Cobalt (Co) Atomic number: 27
  • Standard atomic weight: 58.933
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 9
  • Discovered: Known since ancient times; isolated 1735
  • Common uses: Alloys, batteries, catalysts, pigments

Nickel

  • Nickel (Ni) Atomic number: 28
  • Standard atomic weight: 58.693
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 10
  • Known / isolated: 1751 (isolated)
  • Common uses: Stainless steel, coins, batteries, catalysts

Copper

  • Copper (Cu) Atomic number: 29
  • Standard atomic weight: 63.546
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 11
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Electrical wiring, plumbing, coins, alloys

Zinc

  • Zinc (Zn) Atomic number: 30
  • Standard atomic weight: 65.38
  • Category: Transition/post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 12
  • Known since: Ancient; isolated 1746
  • Common uses: Galvanizing, alloys (brass), batteries

Gallium

  • Gallium (Ga) Atomic number: 31
  • Standard atomic weight: 69.723
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 4 / 13
  • Discovered: 1875
  • Common uses: Semiconductors (GaAs), LED technology, thermometers

Germanium

  • Germanium (Ge) Atomic number: 32
  • Standard atomic weight: 72.630
  • Category: Metalloid
  • Period / Group: 4 / 14
  • Discovered: 1886
  • Common uses: Semiconductors, infrared optics, alloys

Arsenic

  • Arsenic (As) Atomic number: 33
  • Standard atomic weight: 74.922
  • Category: Metalloid
  • Period / Group: 4 / 15
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Semiconductors, pesticides (historically), alloys

Selenium

  • Selenium (Se) Atomic number: 34
  • Standard atomic weight: 78.971
  • Category: Nonmetal / metalloid
  • Period / Group: 4 / 16
  • Discovered: 1817
  • Common uses: Photocells, glassmaking, electronics, trace nutrient

Bromine

  • Bromine (Br) Atomic number: 35
  • Standard atomic weight: 79.904
  • Category: Halogen (nonmetal)
  • Period / Group: 4 / 17
  • Discovered: 1826
  • Common uses: Flame retardants, photography chemicals, pharmaceuticals

Krypton

  • Krypton (Kr) Atomic number: 36
  • Standard atomic weight: 83.798
  • Category: Noble gas
  • Period / Group: 4 / 18
  • Discovered: 1898
  • Common uses: Lighting (flash lamps), insulating windows, lasers

Rubidium

  • Atomic number: 37
  • Standard atomic weight: 85.468
  • Category: Alkali metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 1
  • Discovered: 1861
  • Common uses: Research, atomic clocks (secondary standards), specialty glasses

Strontium

  • Strontium (Sr) Atomic number: 38
  • Standard atomic weight: 87.62
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 2
  • Discovered: 1790
  • Common uses: Fireworks (red color), ferrite magnets, medicine (radiotherapy isotopes)

Yttrium

  • Atomic number: 39
  • Standard atomic weight: 88.906
  • Category: Transition metal / rare earth
  • Period / Group: 5 / 3
  • Discovered: 1794
  • Common uses: LEDs, phosphors, superconductors, ceramics

Zirconium

  • Zirconium (Zr) Atomic number: 40
  • Standard atomic weight: 91.224
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 4
  • Discovered: 1789
  • Common uses: Nuclear reactors (cladding), ceramics, alloys

Niobium

  • Atomic number: 41
  • Standard atomic weight: 92.906
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 5
  • Discovered: 1801
  • Common uses: Superalloys, superconducting magnets, steel strengthening

Molybdenum

  • Molybdenum (Mo) Atomic number: 42
  • Standard atomic weight: 95.95
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 6
  • Discovered: 1778
  • Common uses: Steel alloys, catalysts, high-temperature applications

43. Technetium (Tc)

  • Atomic number: 43
  • Standard atomic weight: [98] (radioactive, no stable isotopes)
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 7
  • Discovered: 1937 (first artificial element discovered)
  • Common uses: Medical imaging (Tc-99m tracer)

44. Ruthenium (Ru)

  • Atomic number: 44
  • Standard atomic weight: 101.07
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 8
  • Discovered: 1844
  • Common uses: Catalysts, electronics, jewelry plating

45. Rhodium (Rh)

  • Atomic number: 45
  • Standard atomic weight: 102.91
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 9
  • Discovered: 1803
  • Common uses: Catalytic converters, jewelry, catalysts

Palladium

  • Atomic number: 46
  • Standard atomic weight: 106.42
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 10
  • Discovered: 1803
  • Common uses: Catalysts, electronics, jewelry, hydrogen storage research

Silver

  • Silver (Ag Atomic number: 47
  • Standard atomic weight: 107.87
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 11
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Jewellery, electronics, photography (historical), antimicrobial coatings

Cadmium

  • Cadmium (Cd) Atomic number: 48
  • Standard atomic weight: 112.41
  • Category: Transition/post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 12
  • Discovered: 1817
  • Common uses: Batteries (NiCd historically), pigments, corrosion protection

Indium

  • Indium (In) Atomic number: 49
  • Standard atomic weight: 114.82
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 13
  • Discovered: 1863
  • Common uses: LCDs (indium tin oxide), solders, semiconductors

Tin

  • Tin (Sn) Atomic number: 50
  • Standard atomic weight: 118.71
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 5 / 14
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Solder, coatings, bronze alloy (with copper)

Antimony

  • Antimony (Sb) Atomic number: 51
  • Standard atomic weight: 121.76
  • Category: Metalloid / post-transition
  • Period / Group: 5 / 15
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Flame retardants, alloys, semiconductors

52. Tellurium (Te)

  • Atomic number: 52
  • Standard atomic weight: 127.60
  • Category: Metalloid
  • Period / Group: 5 / 16
  • Discovered: 1782
  • Common uses: Alloys, thermoelectrics, semiconductors

Iodine

  • Iodine (I) Atomic number: 53
  • Standard atomic weight: 126.90
  • Category: Halogen (nonmetal)
  • Period / Group: 5 / 17
  • Discovered: 1811
  • Common uses: Nutrition (iodized salt), disinfectants, pharmaceuticals

Xenon

  • Xenon (Xe) Atomic number: 54
  • Standard atomic weight: 131.29
  • Category: Noble gas
  • Period / Group: 5 / 18
  • Discovered: 1898
  • Common uses: Lighting (flash lamps), anesthesia (some uses), ion propulsion research

Cesium

  • Cesium (Cs) Atomic number: 55
  • Standard atomic weight: 132.91
  • Category: Alkali metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 1
  • Discovered: 1860
  • Common uses: Atomic clocks, oil drilling fluids, photoelectric cells

Barium

  • Barium (Ba) Atomic number: 56
  • Standard atomic weight: 137.33
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 2
  • Discovered: 1808 (isolated later)
  • Common uses: Drilling fluids, fireworks (green color), medical imaging (barium contrast)

57. Lanthanum (La)

  • Atomic number: 57
  • Standard atomic weight: 138.91
  • Category: Lanthanide (rare earth)
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1839
  • Common uses: Catalysts, camera lenses, batteries (nickel-metal hydride)

58. Cerium (Ce)

  • Atomic number: 58
  • Standard atomic weight: 140.12
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1803
  • Common uses: Catalysts, glass polishing, alloys

59. Praseodymium (Pr)

  • Atomic number: 59
  • Standard atomic weight: 140.91
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1885
  • Common uses: Magnets, alloys, glass coloring

60. Neodymium (Nd)

  • Atomic number: 60
  • Standard atomic weight: 144.24
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1885
  • Common uses: Strong permanent magnets, lasers, headphones

61. Promethium (Pm)

  • Atomic number: 61
  • Standard atomic weight: [145] (radioactive, no stable isotopes)
  • Category: Lanthanide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1945 (artificial/trace natural)
  • Common uses: Research, luminous paint (historical), limited isotope uses

62. Samarium (Sm)

  • Atomic number: 62
  • Standard atomic weight: 150.36
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1879
  • Common uses: Magnets, cancer therapy isotopes, catalysts

63. Europium (Eu)

  • Atomic number: 63
  • Standard atomic weight: 151.96
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1901
  • Common uses: Phosphors (TV/LED displays), research

64. Gadolinium (Gd)

  • Atomic number: 64
  • Standard atomic weight: 157.25
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1880
  • Common uses: MRI contrast agents, magnets, neutron capture

65. Terbium (Tb)

  • Atomic number: 65
  • Standard atomic weight: 158.93
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1843
  • Common uses: Phosphors, solid-state devices, research

66. Dysprosium (Dy)

  • Atomic number: 66
  • Standard atomic weight: 162.50
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1886
  • Common uses: Magnets, nuclear reactors, lasers

67. Holmium (Ho)

  • Atomic number: 67
  • Standard atomic weight: 164.93
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1878
  • Common uses: Lasers, magnets, research

68. Erbium (Er)

  • Atomic number: 68
  • Standard atomic weight: 167.26
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1843
  • Common uses: Fiber-optic amplifiers, lasers, metallurgy

69. Thulium (Tm)

  • Atomic number: 69
  • Standard atomic weight: 168.93
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1879
  • Common uses: Portable X-ray sources, research, lasers

70. Ytterbium (Yb)

  • Atomic number: 70
  • Standard atomic weight: 173.05
  • Category: Lanthanide
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1878
  • Common uses: Alloys, lasers, atomic clocks research

71. Lutetium (Lu)

  • Atomic number: 71
  • Standard atomic weight: 174.97
  • Category: Lanthanide (sometimes considered rare earth)
  • Period / Group: 6 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1907
  • Common uses: Catalysts, PET scan detectors, research

72. Hafnium (Hf)

  • Atomic number: 72
  • Standard atomic weight: 178.49
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 4
  • Discovered: 1923
  • Common uses: Nuclear control rods, superalloys, electronics

Tantalum

  • Tantalum (Ta) Atomic number: 73
  • Standard atomic weight: 180.95
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 5
  • Discovered: 1802
  • Common uses: Capacitors, surgical implants, corrosion-resistant equipment

Tungsten

  • Tungsten (W) Atomic number: 74
  • Standard atomic weight: 183.84
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 6
  • Discovered: 1783 (isolated as element later)
  • Common uses: Filaments, heavy alloys, cutting tools

Rhenium

  • Atomic number: 75
  • Standard atomic weight: 186.21
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 7
  • Discovered: 1925
  • Common uses: Superalloys, catalysts, jet engines

Osmium

  • Osmium (Os) Atomic number: 76
  • Standard atomic weight: 190.23
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 8
  • Discovered: 1803
  • Common uses: Hard alloys, fountain pen tips, electrical contacts

77. Iridium (Ir)

  • Atomic number: 77
  • Standard atomic weight: 192.22
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 9
  • Discovered: 1803
  • Common uses: Spark plugs, corrosion-resistant alloys, catalysts

Platinum

  • Platinum (Pt) Atomic number: 78
  • Standard atomic weight: 195.08
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 10
  • Known since: Ancient (used historically)
  • Common uses: Catalytic converters, jewelry, catalysis, electronics

Gold

  • Gold (Au) Atomic number: 79
  • Standard atomic weight: 196.97
  • Category: Transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 11
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Jewelry, electronics, currency reserve, dentistry

Mercury

  • Mercury (Hg Atomic number: 80
  • Standard atomic weight: 200.59
  • Category: Transition/post-transition metal (liquid at room temp)
  • Period / Group: 6 / 12
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Thermometers (historical), fluorescent lamps, industrial processes

Thallium

  • Thallium (Tl) Atomic number: 81
  • Standard atomic weight: 204.38
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 13
  • Discovered: 1861
  • Common uses: Electronics, infrared detectors, historically in poison (toxic)

Lead

  • Lead (Pb) Atomic number: 82
  • Standard atomic weight: 207.2
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 14
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Batteries, shielding, formerly paints and pipes (declining due to toxicity)

Bismuth

  • Bismuth (Bi) Atomic number: 83
  • Standard atomic weight: 208.98
  • Category: Post-transition metal
  • Period / Group: 6 / 15
  • Known since: Ancient
  • Common uses: Cosmetics, low-melting alloys, pharmaceuticals (bismuth compounds)

Polonium

  • Polonium (Po) Atomic number: 84
  • Standard atomic weight: [209] (radioactive)
  • Category: Post-transition metal (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 6 / 16
  • Discovered: 1898 (by Marie Curie)
  • Common uses: Research, antistatic devices (historical), radioactive sources

Astatine

  • Astatine (At) Atomic number: 85
  • Standard atomic weight: [210] (very radioactive, trace)
  • Category: Halogen (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 6 / 17
  • Discovered: 1940s (very rare)
  • Common uses: Research, very limited medical research

Radon

  • Radon (Rn) Atomic number: 86
  • Standard atomic weight: [222] (radioactive, isotope-dependent)
  • Category: Noble gas (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 6 / 18
  • Discovered: Early 20th century
  • Common uses: Historically in radiotherapy (now limited), research; important as a health hazard (indoor radon)

Francium

  • Francium (Fr) Atomic number: 87
  • Standard atomic weight: [223] (highly radioactive)
  • Category: Alkali metal (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / 1
  • Discovered: 1939
  • Common uses: Extremely limited — research only (very rare, short-lived)

Radium

  • Radium (Ra) Atomic number: 88
  • Standard atomic weight: 226.03
  • Category: Alkaline earth metal (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / 2
  • Discovered: 1898 (by the Curies)
  • Common uses: Historically in luminous paints (now avoided), medical radiotherapy isotopes, research

89. Actinium (Ac)

  • Atomic number: 89
  • Standard atomic weight: [227] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1899
  • Common uses: Research, radiation sources

Thorium

  • Thorium (Th) Atomic number: 90
  • Standard atomic weight: 232.04
  • Category: Actinide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1829
  • Common uses: Nuclear fuel research, high-temperature ceramics, alloys

91. Protactinium (Pa)

  • Atomic number: 91
  • Standard atomic weight: [231] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1913
  • Common uses: Research, radioactive tracer studies

Uranium

  • Uranium (U) Atomic number: 92
  • Standard atomic weight: 238.03
  • Category: Actinide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1789
  • Common uses: Nuclear fuel (fission), military, research

93. Neptunium (Np)

  • Atomic number: 93
  • Standard atomic weight: [237] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic, radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1940
  • Common uses: Research, limited nuclear applications

Plutonium

  • Plutonium (Pu) Atomic number: 94
  • Standard atomic weight: [244] (radioactive isotopes)
  • Category: Actinide (radioactive)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1940
  • Common uses: Nuclear fuel, weapons, research isotopes

95. Americium (Am)

  • Atomic number: 95
  • Standard atomic weight: [243] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1944
  • Common uses: Smoke detectors (Am-241), research, industrial gauges

96. Curium (Cm)

  • Atomic number: 96
  • Standard atomic weight: [247] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1944
  • Common uses: Research, neutron sources

97. Berkelium (Bk)

  • Atomic number: 97
  • Standard atomic weight: [247] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1949
  • Common uses: Research only

98. Californium (Cf)

  • Atomic number: 98
  • Standard atomic weight: [251] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1950
  • Common uses: Neutron sources, nuclear reactors, research

99. Einsteinium (Es)

  • Atomic number: 99
  • Standard atomic weight: [252] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1952 (thermonuclear tests)
  • Common uses: Research only

100. Fermium (Fm)

  • Atomic number: 100
  • Standard atomic weight: [257] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1952
  • Common uses: Research only

101. Mendelevium (Md)

  • Atomic number: 101
  • Standard atomic weight: [258] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1955
  • Common uses: Research only

102. Nobelium (No)

  • Atomic number: 102
  • Standard atomic weight: [259] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1958
  • Common uses: Research only

103. Lawrencium (Lr)

  • Atomic number: 103
  • Standard atomic weight: [266] (radioactive)
  • Category: Actinide / transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / f-block
  • Discovered: 1961
  • Common uses: Research only

104. Rutherfordium (Rf)

  • Atomic number: 104
  • Standard atomic weight: [267] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transition / transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1960s (confirmed later)
  • Common uses: Research only

105. Dubnium (Db)

  • Atomic number: 105
  • Standard atomic weight: [268] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1960s–1970s (confirmed later)
  • Common uses: Research only

106. Seaborgium (Sg)

  • Atomic number: 106
  • Standard atomic weight: [269] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1974 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

107. Bohrium (Bh)

  • Atomic number: 107
  • Standard atomic weight: [270] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1981 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

108. Hassium (Hs)

  • Atomic number: 108
  • Standard atomic weight: [269]–[277] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1984 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

109. Meitnerium (Mt)

  • Atomic number: 109
  • Standard atomic weight: [278] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1982–1985 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

110. Darmstadtium (Ds)

  • Atomic number: 110
  • Standard atomic weight: [281] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1994 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

111. Roentgenium (Rg)

  • Atomic number: 111
  • Standard atomic weight: [282] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1994–1995 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

112. Copernicium (Cn)

  • Atomic number: 112
  • Standard atomic weight: [285] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / d-block
  • Discovered: 1996 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

113. Nihonium (Nh)

  • Atomic number: 113
  • Standard atomic weight: [286] (synthetic)
  • Category: Post-transition / transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 2003–2004 (confirmed later)
  • Common uses: Research only

114. Flerovium (Fl)

  • Atomic number: 114
  • Standard atomic weight: [289] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 1998–1999 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

115. Moscovium (Mc)

  • Atomic number: 115
  • Standard atomic weight: [288] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 2003–2004 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

116. Livermorium (Lv)

  • Atomic number: 116
  • Standard atomic weight: [293] (synthetic)
  • Category: Transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 2000–2006 (synthesized)
  • Common uses: Research only

117. Tennessine (Ts)

  • Atomic number: 117
  • Standard atomic weight: [294] (synthetic)
  • Category: Halogen-like / transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 2010 (synthesized, confirmed 2010s)
  • Common uses: Research only

118. Oganesson (Og)

  • Atomic number: 118
  • Standard atomic weight: [294] (synthetic)
  • Category: Noble gas-like / transactinide (synthetic)
  • Period / Group: 7 / p-block
  • Discovered: 2002–2006 (confirmed 2006–2015)
  • Common uses: Research only
Peridic Table All elements